Comfort food doesn’t get better than this traditional Greek moussaka recipe with layers of tender roasted eggplant, a rich sauce made with ground lamb or beef, and a creamy bechamel topping. Get all my tips for how to make moussaka perfectly every time.
Today we’re talking moussaka, a sublime Greek casserole with layers of tender eggplant, a flavorful meat sauce, and topped with creamy bechamel. It’s rich, decadent and seasoned with hints of cinnamon, nutmeg, oregano and paprika.
Even though Greek moussaka is not difficult to make, it is a bit time consuming. The good news is, with a little planning, you can prepare it ahead of time and moussaka is one of those dishes where the flavors only get better with time.
It’s an excellent make-head option for a weekend gathering or holiday meal. If you’ve been looking for a comfort food recipe that friends and family will request on repeat, moussaka is the recipe to wow them.
Table of Contents
- What is moussaka?
- Ingredients to make moussaka
- How to prepare eggplant for moussaka?
- Should you salt eggplant for moussaka?
- Potatoes: Yea or nay?
- What is moussaka meat sauce?
- Greek bechamel sauce!
- How to make moussaka
- What to serve with moussaka
- Make ahead tips for moussaka
- Not a meat eater? Try vegetarian moussaka
- How to store and reheat leftovers
- Can you freeze eggplant moussaka?
- More comforting eggplant recipes to try
- Moussaka: Eggplant Casserole Recipe
What is moussaka?
The epitome of Greek comfort food, moussaka (pronounced moo-sa-ka’a) is a hearty eggplant casserole with a flavor-packed meat sauce, and finished with a topping of rich creamy bechamel sauce.
Many wonder what the difference is between moussaka and lasagna, and it’s quite simple! Lasagna is made with layers of pasta, while moussaka is made with layers of vegetables.
There are variations of eggplant moussaka, some use potatoes or even zucchini squash. In Egypt, we ditch the bechamel topping and simply serve a deconstructed version with fried eggplant smothered in tomato sauce (it looks something like this vegan fried eggplant recipe).
Today, we’re going to stick closer to classic moussaka with all the delicious layers involved.
Ingredients to make moussaka
A classic Greek moussaka recipe has three key components: sliced eggplant, the meat sauce, and the bechamel sauce. Here are the ingredients you need to make each of the layers:
For the eggplant layer
- Eggplant sliced lengthwise into ¼-inch slices
- Extra virgin olive oil
For the meat sauce layer
- Yellow onion
- Ground lamb or ground beef
- Seasonings: oregano, cinnamon, black pepper, nutmeg, paprika or hot paprika
- Red wine
- Canned diced tomato
- Sugar
- Beef broth
For the bechamel sauce layer
- Extra virgin olive oil
- All-purpose flour
- Nutmeg
- Milk
- Eggs
How to prepare eggplant for moussaka?
If I had to choose a favorite vegetable, it’d probably be eggplant. Whether I’m roasting it to tender perfection, making an easy baba ganoush, or layering it with meat sauce and bechamel, like in today’s moussaka recipe, I can always rely on my trusty eggplant to deliver on flavor.
Because eggplant is one of the main ingredients in this recipe, preparing it properly is important. Here are some tips for how to prep eggplant for moussaka:
- Use large eggplants. Larger eggplants will yield large slices, which make it easier to form layers.
- You don’t need to peel the eggplant before cutting it.
- Slice the eggplant lengthwise into 1/4-inch pieces. Place the eggplant on a clean cutting board and hold it in place with your non-dominant hand. Using a sharp knife, carefully cut it into 1/4-inch slices and discard the end pieces.
- Salt the eggplant for the best flavor.
- Broil the eggplant. Broiling the eggplant is a major shortcut because the eggplant will cook quickly. The charred bits from broiling the eggplant result in a great flavor.
Should you salt eggplant for moussaka?
This is a hotly debated topic among cooks, and many do not believe you need to salt eggplant. But there are two reasons I believe salting the eggplant helps:
- Salt helps to draw out excess moisture, so that when your moussaka bakes, it won’t be swimming in liquid. Salted eggplant also has a nice creamy texture, which works really well in moussaka.
- Eggplant can be quite bitter. Salt helps to remove that bitterness, making eggplant more palatable.
To salt the eggplant, simply sprinkle salt onto the slices and allow it to sit for 30 minutes. Then, pat the eggplant dry to remove excess salt and moisture.
Potatoes: Yea or nay?
Yes, you can use potato instead of eggplant in moussaka, or use them both! I have seen recipes where eggplant is omitted completely in favor of sliced potatoes, or potatoes and eggplant are both used for layering. Opt for starchy potatoes like russet or Idaho potatoes and do the following:
- Slice the potatoes into 1/4-inch rounds.
- Place the potato slices on a large sheet pan brushed with olive oil.
- Drizzle the potatoes with olive oil, season them with salt, and bake at 350°F for 20 minutes or until tender.
- Note that cooking time for the potatoes to be tender will be different than eggplant.
What is moussaka meat sauce?
The rich, thick meat sauce in this moussaka recipe is sure to be a hit in your home! I use ground lamb because it is such a flavorful type of meat, but beef would be a good substitute, and would still yield decadent results.
The ground lamb is spiced with warming cinnamon, nutmeg, paprika, pepper, and dried oregano. For some delicious umami, I add a generous amount of canned tomatoes followed by wine and beef broth – both powerhouses of flavor!
A teaspoon of sugar helps to mellow the acidity but maintains the different levels of flavor in this classic moussaka recipe.
Greek bechamel sauce!
French bechamel sauce (or white sauce) is made with butter, flour, and milk. The result is a gorgeous creamy sauce, thick but still slightly runny.
Greek bechamel or besamel (beh-sah-mel), which is what is used in moussaka contains eggs, which, when baked, results in a sauce that sets firmly. So when you cut your moussaka into slices for serving, the bechamel sauce shouldn’t run.
If you avoid gluten or dairy, there are also versions of Moussaka that do not include the bechamel layer, like my mom’s Egyptian Moussaka.
How to make moussaka
- Slice and salt the eggplant. Sprinkle the sliced eggplant with salt and allow to sit for 30 minutes. This helps to reduce bitterness.
- Broil the eggplant. Brush the eggplant with extra virgin olive oil and broil until it is softened and golden brown.
- Make the meat sauce. Brown the lamb, drain excess fat, and add the spices. Pour in the wine and reduce, followed by the tomatoes, sugar, and broth. Let simmer for 20 to 30 minutes.
- Make the bechamel. Cook the salt, pepper, and flour in heated olive oil until golden. Add milk in small amounts and whisk continuously to prevent lumps forming, and add nutmeg. Whisk some hot bechamel with eggs and return it to the stove.
- Assemble the moussaka. The fun part! Layer half the eggplant slices, the meat sauce, the remaining eggplant, and top with bechamel. Sprinkle the breadcrumbs over the top.
- Bake. Bake for 45 minutes on the center rack. For more color, broil for a couple of minutes.
- Let rest before serving. After removing the eggplant moussaka from the oven, let it sit for 10 to 20 minutes so that it does not fall apart when you slice it. Cut into squares and serve.
What to serve with moussaka
Moussaka is a complete meal, but if you want to serve it with something light and fresh a simple side salad would do.
When it comes to wrapping up mealtime, I think it’s always nice to finish a rich dinner with a coffee cocktail or a sweet treat.
Blend cultures by serving up a Spanish coffee cocktail called carajillo or stick with the Greek theme and offer a dessert like baklava or melomakarona, a cookie scented with orange and cinnamon.
Make ahead tips for moussaka
Eggplant moussaka is not a difficult dish to make, but it is time consuming. You can save time by making the components in advance. Here are some tips for preparing moussaka in advance:
- Prepare the eggplant one day in advance. You can slice, sweat out, and broil the eggplant a few days in advance.
- Cook the meat sauce one or two days ahead. The meat sauce will keep in the fridge for up to four days, and the flavor only gets better with time. .
- Make the bechamel sauce a few days in advance. Bechamel sauce will hold its flavor and texture for up to a week in the fridge. Reheat bechamel over low heat, whisking continuously. If the bechamel has thickened too much, whisk in a little more milk to get it to the right consistency.
Not a meat eater? Try vegetarian moussaka
My vegetarian moussaka recipe is as hearty as this one, with just a couple of key differences. I replaced the meat sauce with an equally delicious lentil sauce and I added layers of potatoes and zucchini for bulk.
How to store and reheat leftovers
Eggplant moussaka will keep well in an airtight container in the refrigerator for up to 5 days. To reheat, transfer the moussaka into an oven-safe dish and place on the center rack of an oven heated to 350°F for about 25 to 30 minutes.
Can you freeze eggplant moussaka?
You can freeze eggplant moussaka, either whole or in individual servings!
To freeze an entire cooked moussaka: Allow it to cool before covering it snugly with plastic wrap and then wrapping it in foil. Freeze for up to 3 months. Remember to remove the plastic wrap before reheating.
To freeze individual servings of moussaka:
- Once it cools, cut the moussaka into squares.
- Line a large sheet pan with parchment paper and arrange the squares on it, leaving a little space around each slice so they don’t freeze together.
- Place in the freezer for a few hours until the moussaka is frozen solid.
- Transfer to freezer-safe containers and freeze for up to 3 months.
- To reheat, thaw slices in the fridge overnight before reheating in an oven as outlined in the section above.
More comforting eggplant recipes to try
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Moussaka: Eggplant Casserole
Ingredients
- 2 large eggplants, sliced lengthwise into 1/4 inch-thick slices, end slices discarded
- salt
- Private Reserve extra virgin olive oil
- 4 tablespoon breadcrumbs
For the meat sauce
- 1 large yellow onion, finely chopped
- 1 pound ground lamb, or beef
- 1 tablespoon dried oregano
- 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
- 1/2 teaspoon black pepper
- 1/2 teaspoon ground nutmeg
- 1/2 teaspoon paprika, or hot paprika
- 1/2 cup red wine
- 14 ounce can diced tomato
- 1 teaspoon sugar
- 1/2 cup hot beef broth
For the bechamel
- 1/3 cup + 2 tablespoons extra virgin olive oil
- 2/3 cup all-purpose flour
- 1/2 teaspoon salt, more if you like
- 1/4 teaspoon ground nutmeg
- 4 cups 2% milk, warmed
- 2 large eggs
Instructions
- Salt the eggplant. Spread the eggplant slices in one layer and sprinkle with salt. Let set for 30 minutes to "sweat out" its bitterness.
- Turn the broiler of your oven on.
- Prepare a large sheet pan or two and brush with extra virgin olive oil. Pat the eggplant slices dry, removing excess salt, and assemble in one layer on the prepared pan. Brush generously with olive oil.
- Place the sheet pan about 6 inches away from the broiler. Broil the eggplant briefly, turning over so that both sides are softened and golden brown (do not worry if parts of the eggplant are slightly charred, but watch carefully so it doesn't burn). Remove from the oven and set aside.
- Prepare the meat sauce. Heat 2 tablespoons olive oil in a skillet. Cook the onions on medium heat until they turn slightly golden brown, stirring regularly (about 5 minutes). Now add the ground lamb. Cook the lamb until fully browned, tossing regularly. Drain the lamb from any excess fat and return to the skillet. Add the dried oregano, cinnamon, pepper, nutmeg, and hot paprika. Stir to coat the meat with the spices. Add the wine and boil for 1 minute to reduce. Stir in the canned tomatoes, sugar, and broth. Simmer over medium-low heat for 20 to 30 minutes.
- Meanwhile, heat the oven to 350°F and work on the bechamel.
- Make the bechamel. In a large saucepan, heat the olive oil over medium-high heat until shimmering but not smoking. Stir in the flour, salt, and pepper. Cook until golden (if needed, added a little more olive oil). Gradually add the warmed milk, whisking continuously. Continue to cook, stirring occasionally, over medium heat for 5 to 7 minutes. Add the nutmeg. In a small bowl, whisk a small amount of the hot bechamel mixture with the 2 eggs. Then return all to the pan and stir into the bechamel mixture. Continue to stir or whisk the mixture bringing to a gentle boil for just 2 more minutes. Taste and adjust the seasoning. Remove from the heat and allow to cool and thicken a little more. (You should have a creamy, thick and smooth bechamel sauce.)
- Assemble the moussaka. When ready, lightly oil a 9 ½" x 13" oven-safe baking dish. Layer half the eggplant slices on the bottom. Add the meat sauce and spread well. Add the remaining eggplant slices. Pour the bechamel on top and spread to cover all the eggplant, then sprinkle with the bread crumbs.
- Bake. Bake the moussaka casserole on the center rack of the heated oven for 45 minutes. If you need to, transfer the baking pan to the top rack and broil briefly so that the top of the moussaka gains a nice golden brown color (watch carefully).
- Remove from the heat and let the casserole sit for 10 minutes before cutting through into squares to serve. Enjoy!
Video
Notes
- Make ahead tips: You can prepare and broil the eggplant and meat sauce a day or two in advance. The bechamel sauce can also be made a few days ahead (it can hold texture for about 1 week, although you should count some days for leftovers). If you prepare the components of this eggplant casserole ahead of time, keep them each in the fridge in separate tightly-closed containers. If the bechamel thickens too much, you may need to reheat it gently before using over low heat, adding a little more milk and whisking to make sure the mixture is. not lumpy.
- Let the moussaka rest before serving: After removing the eggplant moussaka from the oven, let it sit for 10 to 20 minutes so that it does not fall apart when you slice it, the bechamel sauce in particular needs to settle.
- Leftover storage tips: moussaka will keep well in the fridge for about five days (although you need to count any make-ahead days).
- Can you freeze eggplant moussaka? Cooked moussaka can be frozen. Once it cools completely, simply cut the moussaka into pieces and freeze them (you can store the pieces in separate freezer-safe containers or wrapped tightly with parchment then foil . This way, you can reheat individual slices at a time.
- Recommended for this recipe: Private Reserve Greek extra virgin olive oil. SAVE! Try our Greek Olive Oil Bundle.
- Recommended for this recipe: Sweet paprika and nutmeg. SAVE! Try our ultimate Mediterranean Spice Bundle or Create your own 6-pack or 3-pack from our all-natural or organic spice collections.
Nutrition
*This post has been recently updated with new information for readers’ benefit.
Unfortunately, this didn’t work for me. Let it sit for 20 min, still fall apart liquid. Taste was really plain to me and I followed instructions exactly. Edible, but I would not make again
The Bechtel did have a weird texture, still edible, BUT where do the potatoes and zucchini come in at? Where do they belong in this recipe? The instructions do not mention them!
Hi, Pamela. Zucchini or potatoes can be used here in place of or in addition to the eggplant. If you want a bit more guidance on how to add potatoes and zucchini to moussaka, you can check out Suzy’s Vegetarian Moussaka recipe.
Was delicious. The only thing I would do differently is thicken the meat sauce.
Wanted so badly to love this. Unfortunately, we didn’t care for the bechamel sauce. It actually tasted great but it had such a strange texture… and didn’t seem to mix well with the other ingredients (none of us are usually sensitive to food textures). I did try to follow the recipe exactly, but this could totally come down to my error in making this for the first time. And since this took an incredibly long time to assemble, I probably won’t attempt again.
Thank you for the feedback. We appreciate you giving it a try!
I fell in love with Greek food after visiting Athens . These recipes are just what the doctor ordered ! Yeah 😎!
Love your stuff ❤️
Thanks so much, Braven!
I made this lovely dish but substituted cinnamon for nutmeg and it was delish!
Thank you for sharing!
Wonderful recipe. The family loved it, I loved it. Well worth the time it took to make. I’d never made moussaka before or used lamb mince, or had a bechamel made on oil instead of butter – and really enjoyed it.
Thank you Suzy.
Hi Suzy. Any suggestions on making this vegetarian ?
Thanks. Jeri
Hi, Jeri. We actually have a vegetarian moussaka recipe on the sight you can check out.
This was a lot of work but worth it! I used one eggplant and 3 potatoes, next time I am going to double the eggplant and potatoes. I am looking forward to eating the leftovers.
My husband had seconds.
This recipe is amazing. The only change I made was to substitute ground turkey for the lamb (I have one in the house that will only eat poultry). Even with turkey, it was so flavorful. I appreciated the tip on making sections of it ahead of time. I did the eggplant and the meat layer, then finished it a few days later. Came out great. This recipe, and your site, is a keeper!
I have not tried this recipe, but it looks delicious, and I’m sure I’ll be making it soon. What I really wanted to comment on is that you obviously know the Mediterranean is not just Greece and Italy, but all of north Africa! This is the part of the Mediterranean I’m interested in learning more about. I’ve read your recipe for shakshuka and I think the sauce alone would be great on bruchetta. But this is the side of the Med where you find that ginger, cinnamon, nutmeg are indeed Mediterranean spices, as well as harissa and za’ater. I’m looking forward to diving deeper into your website.
Thanks so much, Susan!
First time reader-delicious recipe which I followed as written using ground lamb. This was a trial run for a Mediterranean themed dinner that I’ll be hosting in February. Thank you for the clear instructions and video. I’m looking forward to trying more recipes from your site!
Awesome! Thanks, Jennifer!
I have a question.. you wrote hot paprika on the instructions but below you recommend sweet paprika.. did you mean to write hot? Or is it just your preference to use sweet? Just curious because I remember moussaka being on a slightly sweeter scaler versus hot. Thanks for your info!
Hi, Jess. We typically use the sweet, but the hot will work if that is something people prefer. Enjoy!
I ended up using 1/2 sweet Spanish paprika and 1/2 hot Hungarian paprika since I didn’t know. Came out great! It did take quite a bit of time to prep but I have a tiny food processor and hand to mandolin a potato by hand since I added an extra layer on the bottom. I added pecorino cheese to the bechamel.
The wine I used was Greek; 80% agiorgitiko/20% cabernet and paired it with it. Today I’m drinking it with a Nobile from Montepulciano.. great pairings!
The only thing I need to do next time is use a bigger pan. The one I used was just slightly too small so there was too much bechamel but I figured it would be better than using one slightly too big. So I just didn’t eat all the bechamel… so on the search for a glass pan in between 😀
Thank you for the recipe! Oh I also used both sea salt and Himalayan salt plus black zanzibar pepper and white pepper on both parts of the recipe and used Greek oregano.. delicious! But it did take me about 2.5-3 hours total with prep because I had to do batches of things and I didn’t have a lot space and the mandolin I have is flimsy plus I added potatoes.. that being said, it was well worth it! Efcharisto poly!
Next time I’ll try with just sweet paprika but I like the lingering heat on the palate the Hungarian pepper leaves.
We traveled to Greece this past fall and enjoyed the food so much. Several of your recipes call for nutmeg. My hubby refuses to use it as he insists that nutmeg is not a Greek spice. Can you give me a good argument to convince him that we should use it in this dish? Thanks!
Made this last night and it was absolutely delicious!
I have not tried this version of the recipe but the previous version was one of my families absolute favorites. Are you able to repost the old version (per page as an alternate) or email the original?
The original was the best! I liked it because it was a lighter, healthier version. I know it’s late notice, but I wrote down the recipe luckily. Instead of the bechemal, the topping was 3/4c Greek yogurt, 3 eggs(beaten, 1 Tbsp AP Flour, 1/2c Ricotta, and 3oz Feta Cheese (crumbled) whisk it all together and pour it over the potato layers, followed by bread crumbs. She used all low fat options but up to you.
I also add a lot more seasoning then the recipe and use a blend of smoked and sweet paprika. Hope this helps!